A foreign participant in a Ukrainian LLC may sell or transfer an interest, exit the company, replace the director, amend the articles of association, or restructure ownership. Most such changes…

A foreign national may serve as the sole director of a Ukrainian LLC: Ukrainian corporate law does not require the director to hold Ukrainian citizenship or a second director to…

Components classified under Ukrainian law as military goods or dual-use goods generally require an import permit from the State Service of Export Control of Ukraine (SSEC of Ukraine). During martial…

Ukraine’s electricity market operates through six main segments, while renewable energy projects are shaped by grid connection, state-support, licensing and auction rules. Ukrenergo is the certified transmission system operator (TSO)…

Importing goods into Ukraine requires customs clearance before goods can enter free circulation. The process covers filing a customs declaration, verifying tariff classification and customs value, and paying import duty,…

Under Law No. 808-IX “On Defence Procurement”, foreign and Ukrainian companies of all ownership forms may participate in defence procurement in Ukraine on equal legal terms. In practice, the route…

Ukraine has a domestic mechanism for insuring direct investments against war and political risks through the Export Credit Agency of Ukraine (ECA). International instruments such as MIGA and the US…

Foreign companies in Ukraine have the same core protection mechanisms as domestic businesses: rights during inspections, administrative appeals, complaints to the Business Ombudsman Council, and access to administrative courts. The…

German companies operating in Ukraine through a subsidiary or permanent establishment are generally subject to 18% corporate income tax and 20% VAT. Dividends, interest and royalties paid to Germany may…

A double taxation treaty with Ukraine can reduce or eliminate withholding tax on Ukraine-source payments. Relief requires an in-force treaty, correct income classification, a valid residence certificate before payment and,…